<div dir="ltr">
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Redwood Coast Roamer/Four Wolves</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">All of these stories were written on a
trip Wolfe took via Amtrak to Seattle, written in the observation
car. They appeared in several different places, but “In The Old
Hotel: did not see the light of day until it became part of the
collection <i>Storeys from the Old Hotel.</i></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">I. MY BOOK</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“My Book” first appeared in Amazing
Science Fiction stories in May of 1983 and is reprinted in <i>Endangered
Species</i>.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">SUMMARY: A rather eccentric writer
prepares to write every day by beginning with some Mahler on the
radio, and he reviews some of the essays and thoughts that inspired
him. Ultimately, he decides on writing his book from the end to the
beginning, starting with the final word, “preface”, and working
backwards. He ends by stating, “And so I have proceeded, step by
laborous (delightful) step, chapter by chapter, until soon, perhaps
this very year, surely before the coronation I will begin the
preface.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">COMMENTARY:
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Wolfe identifies our author as a madman
in his introduction to <i>Endangered Species</i>, and besides the
eccentric writing habits and thought processes, there are a few
cryptic details. The pages which he sets out so carefully in their
white glory are ruined when he returns to them, as if a part of him
crumples them up in frustration, a frustration which is then
suppressed. He researches things multiple times over and over but
never seems to write, until he comes upon the most disjointed and
inconvenient method of composition ever, one devoid of all normal and
logical development. The neurosis of composition is stressed, and
the literary allusions below make quite clear that his blockage has
become the object of a particularly perverse negative obsession.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">While the narrator might have written
chapter after chapter as he claims, it seems as if the entirety of
his book is simply presented from the last several words: all he has
to write about is the process of composition – there is no depth or
meaning to any of his labors. His book might actually be “My Book”
- a three page short story about nothing but delusional struggles in
composition. This stark barrenness is the height of pride and excess,
a kind of neurosis that, though it references everything, never
succeeds in growing beyond itself. The last line is ironic, for
while it seems that he is going to finish his book when he begins the
preface, it could be that for all that sound and fury he never quite
begins the book he wants to write.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Since “My Book” refers to Rahv,
Mahler, and Kafka (indirectly), there does seem to be a slight bias
towards Jewish artists in its references, and the only truly
inexplicable detail is the upcoming coronation. Given that it is
probably a contemporary work, the idea that this neurosis is growing
in war time Europe on the cusp of a transition to the modern era is
rendered unsound by the Rex Stout and baseball references. The
literary allusions make the theme of the narrator's insanity much
more apparent.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">LITERARY ALLUSIONS:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The author claims that his project
began with the idea that man only has a concept of religion as a
historical force from a Philip Rahv essay. This essay may be found
as the introduction to <i>The Selected Short Stories of Franz Kafka</i>
in which Rahv comments first on Kafka not only as a neurotic artist
but as an artist of neurosis, driven by obsession. The desire of
Kafka to destroy his work completely and the concept found in stories
such as “The Great Wall of China” that explores the vast
separation between authority and the orders to be followed, between a
heavenly and corporeal limited viewpoint, emphasize the piecemeal and
haphazard thinking definitely at work in the narrator of “My Book”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Since “My Book” refers to a fairly
late Nero Wolfe novel, <i>The Father Hunt</i>, in quoting, “It was
nice to know the next step was obvious, but it would have been even
nicer to know what it was,” we know that the story is set after
1968 and is possibly contemporary with the time of its composition.
However, the other behaviors of the writer, from listening to Mahler
to being inspired by Rahv, certainly seem a bit more old fashioned.
<i>The Father Hunt</i>'s plot (a woman's mother is killed, and she
believes her unknown father has something to do with it) seems to
have little relevance to this particular story besides giving us a
Wolfe reference.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The narrator compares his research to
Injun Joe's Cave in Twain's <i>Tom Sawyer </i>– a place where he
has been lost for some time, unable to move from repetitive research
to meaningful composition.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The most important allusion is quite
explicit: Oliver Onion’s “The Beckoning Fair One”, in which a
writer on the cusp of producing what might be his most significant
work becomes gradually obsessed with his new living place and
descends into madness, intermittently determining to scrap all of his
manuscript and working further on it, but accomplishing little.
Eventually, emaciated and demented, his lady friend winds up dead in
his house, killed by his delusions (or possession, as the case may
be, as the previous owner of the house starved himself to death
rather oddly).</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Ultimately the idea of a man
obsessively writing about the composition of his book, which might be
the book itself, seems like one of Borges self-referential mazes
rendered meaninglessness, signifying only itself, though we have some
very interesting quotes about mankind’s experience of the divine in
history.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">RELIGIOUS ALLUSIONS:<br>I wonder if the
preponderance of Jewish artists mentioned has anything to do with the
theme of waiting for something so long (the Messiah and Redemption)
and failing to recognize when the moment of validation and meaning
comes, though this could be entirely unintentional (though the Rahv
quote is quite suggestive – especially since the Jewish conception
of the Messiah is so much more secular than most Christian ideas of
Christ. The nebulous nature of the Jewish afterlife, perhaps
developed in contrast to their death-obsessed Egyptian oppressors, is
particularly based in the here and now rather than the later. Our
writer wants to create a great masterpiece but his book will have no
meaning beyond the story of its own composition. The coronation and
ascension never comes.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">UNANSWERED QUESTIONS:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">While our narrator is insane, how is he
connected to the coronation? Is it religious, secular, or an
imaginary delusion of grandeur?
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“My Book” is extremely brief, and
the idea that our narrator has unconsciously already written his book
is clever without seeming earth shatteringly significant. It is
perhaps the most difficult to parse thematically from all of the
stories Wolfe composed on his train trip to the West Coast.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">II. THE RIVER</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“The River” first appeared in
<i>Amazing Science Fiction Stories</i> in May of 1983 and has never
been reprinted.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">SUMMARY:
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The short story begins, “Through all
the countries that no map shows there runs Siith, the Infinite
Stream. Some say that in the end, in farthest places, it runs back
upon itself; others that it flows at last into the gulf. Both are
correct.” The rest of the story is a description of the river –
at some places broad, in others narrow, but with no bridges, as only
the current and birds can traverse it, “and the speech of birds is
known only to those who have tasted dragons’ blood.” Once a
century or so the current swirls some scrap of paper from a minor
scribe and cities fall and rise, with temples and churches, and
perhaps missiles fly, “but they are only scraps from the tables of
the minor scribes.”Althor-elmil is Lord of the river, and he takes
all the boats built by people, and those who do not swear to serve
him die. He casts feral beasts and those who live by stealth into
the river, and sometimes people see “strange things drawn from
wells, blood drinkers, and hairy men.”
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“Of late it has been observed that
Althor-elmil builds ships having wins and rockets, and these are
taken by Marhoon, how is Lord of the Air.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">COMMENTARY:
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">This seems to be one of the literary
myths Wolfe speaks of in a few of his essays and speeches, those
things that are the opposite of allegory. He defines them as
follows: an allegory posits that a giant might be despair, but a
literary myth asks something like, “what if love were a woman?”
This story does the same thing – we see the river, and we have to
ask ourselves what symbolic association seems to satisfy this
description? Is the river history, the exploration of the unknown,
or is it actually the unknown and mysterious in life? It would seem
to be perhaps exploring the question, “What if the unknown were a
river?”, since only those who have tasted dragon’s blood can ask
the birds what the river is like (fantasists, I suppose). The
inference could be that the river is the border between the known and
unknown. When a scrap of paper drops into the river, progress
happens: buildings and churches go up, missiles and wars occur, but
they still do not have a lasting effect on the river. The story has
no concrete characters besides Althor-elmil and Marhoon, and it is
interesting that they are differentiated between. When humanity
seeks to explore and map the seas and face the unknown, it is still
on its home planet, no matter how hostile and large the seas. Yet
these air-ships, to the sky and moon, seem to representing something
else. Now the river no longer seems a symbol of the unknown – it
is the sky.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The Wolfe-wiki states that the river
seems to represent the boundary between reality and fantasy, the
known and the unknown, and this seems a good way of describing it.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Is there a meaning to the name
Althor-elmil? Does it imply son of thunder, the thousand, or should
we be looking a more Arabic root?
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Marhoon is Arabic for mortgaged or
pawned, something given as security for a loan.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">In “The Boy Who Hooked the Sun”,
Sith is another name for Kronos, and the word is also related to the
Sidhe, or the Faerie Folk Wolfe employs frequently.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The scrapes of paper allow cities going
up and to occur, as the boundary between the known and unknown shifts
with new ideas and discoveries. Why should this infinite river
suddenly give way to a different lord? Is this a spiritual statement
or merely one dealing with the nature of the unknown as humanity
leaves the earth behind?
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">III. AT THE VOLCANO'S LIP</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“At the Volcano's Lip” first
appeared in the May 1983 issue of Amazing Science Fiction Stories and
is collected in <i>Storeys from the Old Hotel.</i></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">SUMMARY:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The wife of the narrator complains that
his loud talking prevents her from hearing the roar of the earth, and
a planned flight is prevented because the pilot would not fly with
“snow” on the mountain.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">They drive down back roads and see
devastation, the wife pointing out here the volcano’s effects can
be seen, but the narrator seeing only “the prim labor of saws …
the tread of trucks” in a national forest.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">They buy postcards and a Frisbee with a
picture of the mountain. “She had exploded with the force of five
million (or perhaps five billion) tons of TNT, with the fore of a
hydrogen bomb, with a force equal to the combined forces of all the
bombs dropped on Japan, plus that of the test that may (or may not)
have been conducted by the Union of South Africa.” (The story is
probably referring to the Republic of South Africa and the Vela
Incident on September 22, 1979)
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">They buy a cup fired with a picture of
the volcano and see a river of ash, and the wife repeats that they
would have seen it if the husband had not talked so loud, “drowning
the roar of the volcano, the roaring of the engines. But I love you
anyway.” The story ends with the ominous, “The geologists had
seen smoke and scented poisonous vapors, that their instruments all
felt the earth trembling, trembling at the margins of the missile
silos. It may be, I told my wife, that there are louder talkers
coming.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">COMMENTARY:
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Clearly designed around the explosion
of Mt. St. Helens in the early 1980s, the narrator notices how
commercialized the destruction of the earth is – the massive force
of the land and the volcano serves mostly to create souvenirs for
mankind, and he compares the destruction to what mankind has done –
cutting up national forests, fighting and creating weapons of mass
destruction like the missile silos mentioned at the end. While he
may speak with a loud voice, the idea that louder talkers are coming
is a threat of escalation – whether those talkers be the harbingers
of war as the superpowers arm themselves against each other, or the
earth itself, which trembles in disgust in all its might, ready to
descend upon a creature who has spoken a bit louder than it should
have. His wife cannot hear the natural sounds over him, but the
absurdity of this is revealed at the end, when she implies one man’s
shouting would drown out the volcano and the engines, and for this
reason they were kept from witnessing the volcano’s eruption.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">It seems his shouting might be that of
someone shouting out for peace, restraint, and understanding, as well
as a considerate treatment to the environment, since the narrator
sees the commercialization and destruction rampant in the world and
feels the looming threat. The title, “At the Volcano’s Lip”
implies that humanity and civilization are at that precipice, since
our couple never gets to approach the lip of the erupting volcano.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">IV. IN THE MOUNTAINS:
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“In the Mountains” first appeared
in May 1983 in Amazing Science Fiction Stories and is collected in
<i>Storeys from the Old Hotel.</i></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">SUMMARY: The narrator remarks that it
is still snowing even in April. “The cliffs, the color of anti-rust
primer, are dusted with white. Forests of Christmas trees run up them
forever. Elk do not fear our train”. These elks are now “good
members of the Elks Club now” and silenced. He tells his wife he
saw a tree that a bear had just walked around since “it had that
look.”
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The narrator goes on to tell of a
couple who wanted to live in the woods but her fear of bears kept
them in the city, where the harsh chemicals and pollution ruined
their health. “Once I asked his doctor if he would always cough
like that. ‘No,’ his doctor said. ‘Not always.’” He talks
of the sharp blade of the old man’s ax, dulled in color and varnish
but unused.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“The wood of the frightful bears are
gone now, cut to make houses and books, or perhaps only to clear the
land (Why should land be clear, when each mirror shows an uglier
face?) No doubt the frightful bears are gone too, perhaps to the high
mountains, the mountains of Montana, of Washington. May they with my
heart abide here forever, stalking elk, dodging clumsily, slyly,
around Christmas trees, leaving bear tracks in the snow.”
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">COMMENTARY:
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">This is a conservationist piece that
reveals the almost mystical associations the narrator makes at the
beginning, about a tree looking as if a bear had just walked around
it, are tied to real cause and effect: our narrator noticed the
tracks – the wife merely thinks him silly because she understands
neither him nor the natural world. The destruction of the forest and
the loss of the wild frontier are juxtaposed with the story of
fearful “Goldilocks”, who has become gray and ill, her family
ruined by city life, her children not turning out “well”. While
mankind desires a close relationship with the natural world, his
fears keep him separated, constantly eradicating it, to show a world
barren of nature, a barrenness that mirrors an ugly face.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">While the Elk Club is not really a
hunting organization, it does represent a fraternal, organized
society that has merely adopted the Elk as a symbol of the American
spirit.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">While Christmas trees would normally
have some kind of symbolic association, I feel that this story is
satisfying in its simple message – the modern world is much more
destructive and dangerous than the “frightful” bears, who leave
tracks and signals that let us know about the natural world if we
know how to look for them – at the beginning, the elk do not fear
the train, but they should. Similarly, we do not fear the city, but
perhaps we should. If there is any religious significance to the
tree in nature, we see it in its living environment stripped of
consumer driven greed; the bear sidesteps it without bothering it,
neither resisting nor destroying it, but existing around the natural
world, while the man in the city has his sharp ax ready to cut down
any tree that gets in his way.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">V. IN THE OLD HOTEL</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“In the Old Hotel” appeared for the
first time in <i>Storeys from the Old Hotel</i> in 1988, though it
was written with all of these stories.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">SUMMARY:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">A couple is registered in an old hotel
because English friends (unaware of their presence) are there too, a
man and his daughter. The speaker compares the hotel to an old man
resting and gasping for breath, the modern television out of place in
the hotel's antiquity.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“Tomorrow and tomorrow. The old
hotel is forever looking to tomorrow, striving to show it has a place
in the future, that it need not be torn down.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">An old man in the elevator comments on
two pretty women that join them to the narrator: “They get better
all the way down.”
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“But not for you, old man, I think,
lying awake beside my sleeping wife. Your time with the girls is
over. And I fall asleep.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“The old hotel smiles its tense
smile, polishes its dark wood – an old retainer out to show he does
not have to retire so soon, though he may be a little lame.” The
narrator says he would rather see false teeth than false smiles.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">They meet the English friends on the
street, and the girl says, “It was over by noon … I’m fit as
fit.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">COMMENTARY: The rustic allure of the
old wheezing hotel striving to stay relevant as time leaves it
behind, pushing off its dissolution and death just a bit longer,
seems to be the primary impact of the central description of the
story. Wolfe’s narrative voice is sympathetic with the genuine
honesty of the primitive world rather than the veneer of
artificiality in the modern world. The primary question is a simple
one: why doesn’t the couple want the Englishman and his daughter
from Devon to know that they are registered in the same old hotel?
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">There is a nice irony in the narrator
falling asleep next to his sleeping wife thinking that the old man’s
days with the women are gone – while this old hotel attempts to
look towards tomorrow and still eventually faces dissolution, the
same drive to last in humans when they are young involves having
children, and after that, striving to stay relevant in a changing
world as their reproductive days fade into nothing but a dream and a
memory.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">If “it” was over by noon, was the
girl pregnant? Something else? The Englishman has white hair, which
seems to indicate he could be an appropriate age for having a
grandchild, and since he and the narrator reside at the top floor of
the hotel, and the girls get prettier as one goes down, it seems that
this meeting on the street level would imply that perhaps there is
some kind of new life outside the inevitable acquiescence of the
hotel.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">UNANSWERED QUESTIONS:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Besides the purpose of the young
woman's stay in the hospital (which would seem thematically to be
most probably the birth of a child, or something related to the life
cycle and reproduction), the narrator refers to the hotel as Kennedy.
Is there any significance to this name?</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">VI. ON THE TRAIN</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“On the Train” appeared in <i>The
New Yorker</i> in 1983 and is reprinted in <i>Storeys from the Old
Hotel.</i></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">SUMMARY:<br>Our narrator glances
outside of a train on which he seems to have spent his entire life
and sees an earth become almost liquid, “rushing to flow over a
falls that is always just behind the last car.” The narrative
claims the universe can be contained in three questions – “How
long is the train? And from what station does it originate?” We
can assume the third is “Where does it end?”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The narrator does not remember
boarding, but his mother said she recalled it, though she has now
left his compartment. He says he “would go up and down the cars
looking for [the doctor who delivered him] (and [his mother]), but
one cannot look for a doctor without arousing the anxiety of the
other passengers or exciting their suspicions.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">There is a porter named Flip who “was
once [the narrator’s] dog, a smooth fox terrier”, who makes the
berths and serves coffee and knows more than anyone else about the
train. If the narrator’s wife and he try to make Flip stay to
answer questions, Flip will call his Uncle, the Dawn Guard.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The narrator speculates that the train
is “either very long or very short, since when it goes around a
curve … I cannot see the engine. Possibly it is infinite – but
it may be of a closed as well as an open infinity.” After thinking
that it seems both circular, in a circle going around the earth, and
straight, extending into infinity among the stars, he notes that the
mountains seem to crowd closer, “as if to ram us by night.” He
lies in his berth, “listening to the conductor (so called because
he was struck by lightning once) come down the car checking …
tickets in the dark.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">COMMENTARY:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">We should mention once again Wolfe’s
comments about the story, which relate that he rode an Amtrak to
Seattle and back on which he composed the short stories that are
included in this entry. He states</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0.52in">“Flip was the
ruffian clown who woke Little Nemo from his wonderful dreams, in one
of the finest Sunday comics ever. My father gave Flip’s name to
the fox terrier we owned when I was very small: Flip’s barking
always woke my father up. There was no reason for you to care, to be
sure, but for both you readers who have stuck with this until now –
The earliest memory I have of my mother is that of a lovely young
woman bending over me as I life abed on the seat of a railway car.
Her eyes are blue. She wears a gray cloche; from under it peeps a
stray lock of auburn hair. Would the year be 1934? I can’t say for
certain, but about that. Now I must stop, lest the afterword grow
longer than the story.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Wolfe has here revealed the symbolic
weight of the train: his earliest memories are on one, and thus its
association with the start of life’s journey, which at times seems
a circular entirely earthly trip and at other times only a journey
into an infinity almost incomprehensible, especially to a sincere
dualist. The farthest echoes of his memory summon up that maternal
face and the sound of the train.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The comic strip Little Nemo involves a
boy who is summoned into Slumberland to be the playmate of Morpheus’
daughter, and at first the green and short-tempered clown Flip is
something of an enemy that tries to wake him up before he gets there,
but they become allies. Note that in Wolfe’s comments, we see how
the dog also woke his father from his slumber.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">In some ways much of Wolfe’s dream
cosmology involves the concept of the ability to wake from the waking
world into something that is perhaps less bound by the laws of the
physical world but is “more” real nonetheless. The conductor who
checks tickets is perhaps symbolic of the power of the gods, Jove,
coursing through the one who drives the train, (which of course could
be a reference to the divine power invested in the form of a man, the
Theoanthropos), though I am not familiar enough with Little Nemo to
know if there is a reference there as well, with its treatment of
slumber and myth.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Each family seems to create its own
compartment in life, and his children have now formed compartments of
their own, while his mother has left his, gone to an unknown place.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The Dawn Guard referred to in the dream
has an identity in the comics, the Guardian of the Dawn, who breaks
up the images of Slumberland as the sun rises – in this way, the
train trip is certainly a dream image.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The symbolist in Wolfe has created a
story where the earliest memory becomes a metaphor for the entirety
of life, which we can certainly expect to haunt his fiction (my own
is watching my grandmother heat up pot after pot of water on the
stove to prepare my bath, since we had no hot water in our small
apartment near Madrid).</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">UNANSWERED QUESTIONS:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The flowing river that the objects
outside the train appear to become seems a repetitive motif in
Wolfe's fiction for something numinous and transubstantial, beyond
ordinary comprehension. In this story, is that merely due to the
artistic style of the Nemo cartoons?</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">CONNECTION WITH OTHER WORK:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">This type of literary myth became
increasingly frequent in Wolfe’s writing in the 1980s and seems an
outgrowth of early stories such as “The Green Wall Said” and
“Cues”, but they are closer to “The Old Woman Whose Rolling Pin
is the Sun”, “At the Point of Capricorn”, and even perhaps
“Love, Among the Corridors”, all of which seem allegorical but
are a bit more sophisticated than standard allegories.</p>
</div>