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<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The Boy Who Hooked the Sun</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“The Boy Who Hooked the Sun”
appeared as a chapbook in 1985 and is reprinted in <i>Starwater
Stains.</i></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">SUMMARY: On the eighth day, a boy from
Atlantis casts his fishing line into the ocean and catches the long
line of the sun as it rises. As the sun moves to escape, it plunges
the earth into night, throws up sprays of stars, and even hides
behind the moon.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The richest man of the village tells
the boy to cut the line, for winter is wintering the blossoms in his
orchard, and summer drying out the canals that water his fields. The
boy pelts him with the stones of Atlantis. The strongest man in the
village comes because the rich man hired him, and the boy, infused
with the power of the sun, tosses him into the sea after also pelting
him with the stones of Atlantis. Then the cleverest man in the
village offers him a kingship in the empire they will form, but he
receives the same response. The boy asks, “Oh really? A king. Who
is to be emperor?”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">A magic woman comes, and mentions all
manner of supernatural and mythic beings threateningly, and the boy
tosses a variety of precious stones at her until she, too, leaves. A
fool “who sang songs without words to all the brooks and boasted of
bedding the white birch on the hill” comes expressing his fears.
Instead of pelting him with stones, the boy lets him touch the
fishing pole until he leaves.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">His mother comes, and claims that she
has not yet told him the finest story of all, the tale of “The Boy
Who Hooked the Sun”:
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“Come now to the hose the richest man
in the village has given back to us. Put on your crown and tell your
general to stand guard; take up the magic feather of the bird
Tchataka, who opens its mouth to the sky and drinks wisdom with the
dew. Then we shall dip the feather in the blood of a wild ox and
write that story on white birch bark, you and I.”
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">He promises to do as she wants and
release the sun for as long as they are both alive, but his thoughts
run contrary to his vow: “I love my mother, who is more beautiful
than the white birch tree and always kind. But do not all the souls
wear away at last as they circle on the Wheel? Then the time must
come when I live and she does not, and when that time comes, surely I
will bait my hook again with the shining stones of Uranus and we
shall rule the stars. Or not.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Thus, the seasons result – when the
sun remembers its sore mouth it seeks to get away from the earth, and
then when it sees the boy's line stretched across the sky and
powdered with hoarfrost, it returns. “Or perhaps it is only – as
some say – that it remembers the taste of the bait.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">COMMENTARY: We have already looked at
Wolfe’s take on allegory with “Love, Among the Corridors”
(which he insisted was the opposite of allegory – a literary myth).
In that story, it is easy to see that love is a woman. Here, we
have a fable. The distinction between a fable, a literary myth, and
a parable is perhaps of little use to a fabulist such as Wolfe –
however, the personification of the natural world, with the sun as a
kind of giant fish, tends to place this clearly in the camp of fables
– which are nearly ubiquitous across all cultures on earth.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Here, the boy casts his line into the
sea at the long reflection of the sun. It starts on the eighth day,
the day after the creation story is concluded, even though years seem
to have passed in the lives of the characters. We are in the
province of man’s dominion over the world exiled from Eden, and the
description of the boy make him both fey and ordinary: “He was not
such a boy as you or I have ever seen, for there was a touch of
emerald in his hair and there were flakes of sun-gold in his eyes.
His skin was sun-browned, and his fingernails were small and short
and a little dirty, so he was just such a boy as lives down the
street from us both.” He is completely ordinary, but still magical.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The description of the father, who
years ago had traded the stones of Atlantis for wine and ram skins of
the Greeks, shows a turn away from untested value, wonder, and myth
to pragmatic and ordinary concerns – the world of logic and
bartered goods. Notice that the boy, even though he is poor because
his father traded away those stones, still seems to have unlimited
stones of Atlantis to repel the rich man, the strong man, the clever
man, and the magic woman. The stones of Atlantis represent something
like youthful idealism or a belief in something besides riches and
trickery and mysticism. Perhaps the stones are the power of the
fable itself to explain the universe in terms children can
understand. At first glance this seems to be a belief in magic, that
a fishing rod can capture the sun itself, but the magic woman who
comes by and tempts him undermines that reading. At the end, when he
considers the stones of Uranus, the stones seem to represent the
dream of conquering the stars and mastering the natural world
completely.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">At the start, the fable attempts to
describe why there are stars in the night sky, why sometimes the sun
hides behind the moon, and why it grows hot and cold as the seasons
pass. It shows the coercive power of riches, strength, cleverness,
mysticism, and even parental expectations, all things which can sway
children from following their dreams. It shows forbearance and
patience for foolishness. Much like “At the Point of Capricorn”,
the movements of the sun through the heavens is given a kind of human
back story, showing why the sun always chooses to return closer to
earth and allow the cycle of life to continue.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Ironically, since the fable attempts to
describe poorly understood phenomenon in terms that human beings can
easily understand, a meaningful analysis is difficult – the story
is simply the story, and when the mother finally gets the boy to cut
his line, she does so by promising that they will write a wonderful
story down – that of “The Boy Who Hooked the Sun”. She calls
upon material possessions, worldly might, magic, and the power of
story to finally get the boy to release the sun, but one gets the
sense that it is only because he loves her that he puts down that
youthful dream and embraces the values of the world around him (even,
ironically, spiritual and magical values). However, he vows, when
she is dead, to defer his dream no longer and conquer the stars, in
the vain hope that there is always a tomorrow. The dreams of
progress and mastery over nature – are these the stones of
Atlantis?</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">THE MAGICAL WOMAN AND HER DEITIES
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The most difficult distinction to make
involves the temptation of the magical woman – why are her pleas so
ineffective in swaying the boy, who seems to hold the stones of
Atlantis dear? Let's examine the manner of her invocations.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">She says, “Sabaoth sweats and
trembles in his shrine and will no longer accept my offerings” -
Sabaoth is the Greek form of a word which implies the Lord God of
Hosts or armies – Jehovah as a God of battle who will crush Moloch,
Baal, and other deities. This is a surprising reference to the
Jewish God.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">She then mentions that the feet of
Sith, “called by the ignorant Kronos son of Uranus”, are broken.
Kronos ruled during the golden age of the titans before he was
overthrown by Zeus, and Sith is another name for the Sidhe, fairies
or elf-like beings who dwell in barrows or in an invisible world
beside our own. The conflation of Greek myth with fairy stories or
even talk of angels is fairly common in Wolfe by this point.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">She also mentions a bird: “The magic
bird Tchataka has flown. The stars riot in the heavens, so that at
one moment humankind is to rule them all, and at the next is to
perish.” Tchataka appears in Flaubert's <i>Temptation of St.
Anthony</i>, in which the gymnosophist says :</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“I dreamed of the essence of the
great Soul whence continually escapes the principles of life, even as
sparks escape from fire. Thus at last I found the supreme Soul in
all beings, and all beings in the supreme Soul; and I have been able
to make mine own soul all my senses. I receive knowledge directly
from heaven, like the bird Tchataka, who quenches his thirst from
falling rain only.” (Flaubert 54-5)</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">These magical and mythic references do
not sway the boy. It seems that he accepts “traditional” magic in
due course because of his mother's stories and expectations, but in
and of themselves they do not serve his youthful dream.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">UNANSWERED QUESTIONS:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">What is the hoarfrost covered fishing
line which we can see in the sky when the days are shortest?</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Is the bait the sun wants to taste the
dreams and hopes of youth unfettered by reality?</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">At first, it seems that the power of
Atlantis is in fantasy and even magic, but the mystical woman who
comes to try and dissuade the boy makes it clear that it is not magic
and spiritualism that the boy holds on to, but perhaps something
else. Why, when he relinquishes the rod, do the stones become the
stones of Uranus? He is the deity of the sky. Have they ascended
beyond his reach or have they become the dreams of mastering the
universe itself as humanity matures?
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">CONNECTION WITH OTHER WORKS:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>The fables and literary myths of
Wolfe have a more nebulous and hallucinatory feel than his more
concrete fiction, and “At the Point of Capricorn”, “A Solar
Labyrinth”, “The God and His Man”, “The Old Woman Whose
Rolling Pin is the Sun”, “Empires of Foliage and Flower”, and
the stories from “Mathoms from the Time Closet” and “Redwood
Coast Roamer” as well as “The Arismaspian Legacy” and its
follow up, “Slow Children at Play”, all share a kind of
impossible symbolist logic that verges on the dreamlike but is no
doubt inspired by the earliest traditions in story-telling.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Flaubert, Gustav. <i>The Temptation of
St. Anthony</i>. Google ebook.</p>
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