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<p style="margin-bottom:0in">"At the Point of Capricorn" first appeared as a chapbook in 1983.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">SUMMARY: Visitors from all ages and
places come to an icy cave at the end of the world, where an old
woman entertains some children with stories on the winter solstice.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">COMMENTARY: The story telling
tradition holds immense importance for Wolfe, and his introduction to
<i>Endangered Species</i> casts an enormous amount of insight into
“At the Point of Capricorn”, where he says:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><a name="_GoBack"></a>“Stories are
far older than any classroom. They came to be at a time when the
storyteller knew his (more correctly <i>her</i>, for the first were
almost certainly women) audience thoroughly, and was not in the least
averse to altering his narration to fit it. The hearer … is more
central than the monstrous beast slain on the other side of the
mountain, or the castle upon the hill of glass, or the mirror beyond
which Gene’s sister glimpses an ocean in “The Sister’s
Account.” Therefore, let me describe the reader for whom I wrote
all these stories. I wrote them for you. Not for some professor or
for myself, and certainly not for the various editors who bought
them, frequently very reluctantly, after they had been rejected by
several others. You see, I am not an academic writing to be
criticized … This is simple truth: Tonight you and I, with billions
of others, are sitting around the fire we call ‘the sun,’ telling
stories, and from time to time it has been my turn to entertain.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">This set up is the entirety of “At
the Point of Capricorn”, sun imagery and all. We have children
around a fire listening to an old storyteller, on a day when the sun
wanes and then begins to gain in strength again, and the obsession
with the bonfire becomes a symbol of that vital luminous energy as
well.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The speaker begins by assuring the
children that there is no reason to be afraid, even though the days
have been getting shorter. The oldest boy boasts that he has no fear,
casting a bone into the fire, and feels mocked when the old woman
says he has grown wise from listening to her stories. The smallest
girl pulls a wolf-skin cloak around her in the cold.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The point of Capricorn is of course the
southernmost point at which the sun can be directly overhead
throughout the year, at the winter solstice on December 21<sup><font>st</font></sup>.
Here the old woman says, “All the world comes here to the end of
the world just to hear my stories,” and the cold of winter
accumulates a kind of apocalyptic imagery. This idea is nothing new
in myth and even Christian religion, and Frazier’s <i>Golden Bough
</i>examines the concept of myth and sacrifice as a way early mankind
explained the incomprehensible seasons – the solar myth and the
cycle of fertility , in which the king, a solar deity, mystically
married the earth, and the cycle of death and rebirth continued –
the days grew longer and the crops prospered. Fear of the cycle
ending prompted religious and mythic ceremonies and sacrifices. Here
in this cave we have the world at the end of its solar cycle.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Since this is a mythical kind of story,
a varied cast appears as necessary. A Viking named Knute’s son
walks in and says, “Tell them why we kindle bonfires in winter to
bring back the youth and life of Tyr Odinson the one-handed, who was
stolen from us by the Frost Giants of Niflheim.” (Knute can mean
knot). Here we are given the significance of the fire: to summon back
something from the wintry cycle of death, to return to life and
youth. Of special note is the story of Tyr, a god of law and glory,
at one time possibly the chief god in the Norse pantheon before
losing that position to Odin and Thor. He lost his hand to Fenrir
the wolf when the gods bound it – something only possible if a god
agreed to keep their hand in its mouth.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">We have the idea that the bonfires
summon back warmth and life and signify that mythic cycle Frazier
chronicled throughout human societies everywhere, even in
Christology. Next a lexicographer comes in and asserts that the word
bonfire comes from the bones burned in them at midwinter (ironically,
something which the oldest child did at the start of the tale). The
Viking kills him with his sword, Legbiter (the sword of the
historical monarch Magnus III, considered the last true Viking King.
Magnus died in 1103 and extended his influence through a large
portion of the British Isles. However, Magnus III was known as
Olafsson rather than Knute’s son, which probably refers to Cnut the
Great, a king of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and England, dying in
1035). This refutation of the origin of burning bones in a fire
reeks of finality, though there is probably some accuracy to it.
Regardless, bonfires are used throughout the world in a variety of
religious and holiday celebrations, and the lexicographer was
balefully unaware of their true importance</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The old woman asserts that the fire
does warm bones, and a French pastry chef who appears from the back
claims that this is why they are called <i>le bonfeu</i> – the good
fire. Then, in a fashion similar to the shifting of sign and
signifier in “To the Dark Tower Came”, the chef immediately asks
how to get to Paris, Texas. (Clearly, the introduction of the
stereotyped chef is merely to introduce the French etymology of
bonfire). Wolfe's childhood in Texas might have prompted this
reference to the small Texas town, so proud of its name.
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">A druid crowned in mistletoe enters
(mistletoe was sacred to druids and was harvested in Alban Arthan,
the Winter Solstice) and tells the pastry chef that soon the sun will
rise between Sacred Stones Fifty-Five and Fifty-Six (Stonehenge is
aligned with the sun during both winter and summer solstices). He
then request the use of the lexicographer's body for a sacrifice, and
an academic shows up to deny that the druids ever practiced human
sacrifice. The druid simply replies, “we really don't <i>need</i>
the practice now, do we? But it seems such a shame to waste him.”
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Throughout all of the random
appearances, there is a strain of black comedy that undercuts the
modern scholars of the world as they are presented face to face with
the figures and objects they deign to know so much about from history
and myth.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The old woman says that the sun has
gone into the south, following the birds in their migrations, and
that “He will return when he sees the beautiful tree we have made …
for he will know the birds will want to perch on its boughs.”</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Even though Knuteson asserts that the
tree she speaks of is Yggdrasil, the world tree of Norse mythology
which might have been the tree upon which Odin hung, here the old
woman begins to tell a story at which the professor grunts, saying
“Another solar myth. It is actually the inclination of the Earth,
I believe.”
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Here, Mother Gaea herself rumbles to
life, fulfilling the promise to some degree of the marriage of the
goddess of earth with the solar deity to bring about renewal, for she
reinforces the idea that all of this is a result of her inclination
and will. The story ends with the arrival of the sun, and the old
woman's assertion that the Sun comes “to tell his own story, here
at the beginning of the world.”
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">The coming of the sun, when the days
will grow longer and the winter fade to more fecund seasons, prompts
new growth and renewal. There is also the hint, as we know, that on
top of all these other myths there is a very particular Christian one
that will be mapped to the winter solstice season as well, one
involving birth, death, and renewal. The fire at which the group
gathers symbolizes the heat and life-giving properties of the sun
which will soon return in glory, and the stories told around it
create a communal spirit that celebrates the entire solar cycle in
the midst of deepest winter, so that hope will not give way to fear
and the despair of an eternal cold.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">UNANSWERED QUESTIONS:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">Is the “beautiful tree [they] have
made” to attract the sun a Christmas tree? If the old woman is
telling the story of Christ there, then the professor's grunt
dismissing it as “another solar myth” would still make sense.
However, his next statement, that “It is actually the inclination
of the Earth, I believe” would be something of a nonsequitur giving
a physical explanation for why the sun goes no further south than the
Tropic of Capricorn (and consequently why the seasons exist at all).</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">CONNECTION TO OTHER WORKS:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">This story has much in common with “The
Boy Who Hooked the Sun” and “To the Dark Tower Came” in its
surreal dream logic, but is more like an exploration of a theme than
a fable or dream story.</p>
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