<div dir="ltr">
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">THREE
FINGERS</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“<font face="Times New Roman, serif">Three
Fingers” was first published in New Constellations in 1976 and is
included in T<i>he Island of Doctor Death and Other Stories and Other
Stories.</i></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">SUMMARY:</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Michael
Moss attempts to push Disney trinkets for a dime to a chubby boy
reaching through a school fence, then considers going to 44<sup><font>th</font></sup>
street in his size S pea jacket to try to sell his wares. He notes
no black “Mickey Mafia” cars following him, then hides from an
approaching hearse. A stocky women named June gives him a ride to the
store, and he tries to sell her inscribed Disney photos and celluloid
figures. Most of his goods are forged. The store is closed but he
gets a ride back near his house on a Triumph Bike from a couple named
Harley and Amaryllis.</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">He
goes to eat at White Castle when he sees that the man at the counter
has beagle puppy ears rather than human ears, so he goes to the soda
fountain across the street to watch him.</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">When
he returns to his house he questions the “woman who [runs] the
place” about callers, and in his equipment filled room, once he
puts on his home made Mickey Mouse cap, he is accosted by Captain
Hook, the Big Bad Wolf, and the Wicked Queen. When he encourages
them to take off their masks after accusing them of being
conglomerations of historical and mythical figures, they are revealed
to be paunchy businesspeople in suits. They attempt to force candy
in his mouth and nostrils, a suffocation through a surfeit of
sweetness. Most of the disjunction here occurs through the final
line, when it is revealed that someone is trying to force
antipsychotic medication down his throat with four/three fingers
encased in white/red gloves.</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">THEME:</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Here,
Wolfe is playing with a few wonderful ideas – the obvious ones that
the Disney villains are far more historical and archetypal than their
actual surface identity – Captain Hook is every dark captain in
history, the Big Bad Wolf a remnant of a line of sinister far more
bestial predators going back to the wolf Isengrim, nemesis of Reynard
the fox. To Michael Moss, the horror of these characters looms
behind their sanitized, cartoon faces. Yet in reality, the corporate
world has stripped them of their mythic and historical power and
turned them into the means of making a large profit (ironically,
something he is trying to do to them on a much smaller scale) –
thus, underneath the masks descended from legend we see only
corporate abuse … and historical symbols being trademarked as
watered down (or sweetened up) narrative property.</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">DIAMONDS:</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Diamonds
keep occurring as a description whenever someone reaches out to buy
Michael's goods in the story: “The little boy stretched out a hand,
thrusting his chubby arm though the diamond mesh of the playground
fence” … Later, when Michael tries to sell the figures in his
cigar box to June, she reaches out “plump, diamonded fingers.”
It seems that everyone who reaches out for his wares is associated
with diamonds, though of course the first is merely the shape of the
fence. Michael's hands fidget to hide the hole in his jeans. The
final image of the story involves a hand forcing medicine down his
throat – certainly the medicine is also a poison as advertised for
destroying the interesting fantasy world Michael inhibits.</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">AMBIGUOUS
DETAILS:</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">The
overall message that companies like Disney to some degree represent
the cut throat consumer nature of profiting off old legends and
trademarking them in such a way that ideas which should be
intrinsically free are “owned” by unimaginative businessmen does
not of course explain the descent into insanity in the last several
seconds (nor the disjunction between four/three fingers - but I would
like to think that we are counting fingers and not thumbs, and that
those administering the para-reserpine to Michael are being viewed
through his disjunctive double vision.)</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif">Michael
Moss is obsessed with Disney and its characters as well, and perhaps
embodies the earlier ideology of Mickey Mouse and Disney before
consumerism and business sense created the “surfeit of sweetness”
and banality any sanitized vision of archetypes will create. He does
seem to regret inflation and his prices are so cheap that it harkens
back to the pre-inflation prices extent at the start of the 20<sup><font>th</font></sup>
century.</font></p>
<pre><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">It seems that Michael is trying to make a profit on the Disney images just as much as the corporation is, albeit at a microscopic scale – he relishes the attention he gets from them as something that makes him “important”, but he sees the mythic importance of all the characters, and even tries to assume the role of Mickey Mouse by putting on the hat to confront the villains, though he does not prove up to the task.</font></font></pre>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">
<br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">DATE:</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The
story is set at a date sufficiently distanced from 1935 such that a
stout woman in a mink coat with two sons at Antioch college (ie –
not young) can speculate, “I didn't know they had plastic way back
then,” unaware of celluloid. This might be a 1976 kind of
statement, though the prices at which Michael is attempting to sell
his goods seems ridiculously cheap to modern eyes, and might even be
set well past 1976. At 10 to 85 cents, even with modern inflation,
assuming this was the seventies, he is asking for the modern
equivalent of perhaps 60 cents to maybe 6 dollars for something that
is over 40 years old in mint condition (even though he manufactures
them in his room – everything seems counterfeit in this particular
story).</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">THE
RESIDENCE OF MOSS:</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">There
is some hint that his “apartment” is a bit more like a hospital
ward than a living quarter:</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The
woman who ran the place where he lived said, 'Did you have a nice
walk, Mr. Moss?' ...</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">'You
wouldn't let them in if they came, would you? I mean even if they
knew my name and said they were friends of mine. You wouldn't let
them into my room?' The woman smiled, smoothing her white dress with
her hands, wanting to be busy again.” </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Her
white dress, wanting to be busy, and her responsibility for refusing
to admit people to the room all at least echo a medical set up. (Note
that she also fidgets with her hands here – they come up quite a
bit in this story).</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">He
supposedly has a Dremo Moto-Tool to create his miniatures and an
injection molding machine filling his room. He puts on his felt cap
with Mickey ears made from his father's skull cap to work, and at
this point, when he puts on the home made guise of Mickey Mouse, the
villains come out.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">LITERARY
AND CULTURAL ALLUSIONS:</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Besides
Disney references, we have at least one other to contemporary
fiction:</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">“<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">He
thumbed for nearly an hour before a married couple named Harley and
Amaryllis gave him a ride back on their Triumph bike” refers to
Richard Hall's 1969 story “To Sport with Amaryllis” in which a
square fellow named Harley concedes to his wife Amaryllis' free love
and progressive desires. It was also published in the Orbit
anthologies of Damon Knight. </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The
title of that story comes from Milton's poem Lycidas, a lament for a
drowned friend, which begins:</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Yet
once more, O ye Laurels, and once more</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Ye
Myrtles brown, with Ivy never-sear</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">I
com to pluck your Berries harsh and crude,</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">And
with forc'd fingers rude,</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Shatter
your leaves before the mellowing year. </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Bitter
constraint and said occasion dear,</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Compels
me to disturb your season due:</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">For
Lycidas is dead, dead ere his prime </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">…</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Alas!
What boots it with uncessant care</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">To
tend the homely slighted Shepherds trade,</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">And
strictly meditate the thankles Muse,</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Were
it not better don as others use, </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">to
sport with Amaryllis in the shade,</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Or
with the tangles of Neaera's hair?</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Fame
is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">(That
last infirmity of Noble mind) </font></font>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">To
scorn delights and live laborious dayes</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Interesting
in light of its forceful fingers in the opening stanza, and the
concept that we do not just take it easy and enjoy life when goaded
on by something else that might cost us.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">THE
PARARESERPINE</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Reserpine
was once used in the treatment of schizophrenia and hypertension,
isolated from Rauwolfia Serpentina, the Indian snakeroot, which had
been used to treat insanity, fever, and snake bite for centuries in
India. One of its side effects can be nightmares and Parkinsonism
(could this be the flitting of his hands interrupting his gestures as
seen in the car scene with June?)</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in">
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Para
as a prefix could mean many things, including alongside, near, or
synthesized. The idea that all of this is a psychotically induced
hallucination is certainly possible, especially in the fictional
light of Harley and Amaryllis and the businessmen in Disney disguises
which resonate with legendary villains and archetypes. The name
Michael Moss makes him a more rat like survivor trying to make a
profit – in this case a scavenger inspired by the increasingly
sanitized Mickey Mouse.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">THE
DISNEY FIGURES:</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Mickey
Mouse Club photos for sale include Tommy Kirk and Annette Funicello,
and he tries to foist Pinocchio, Geppetto, Stromboli, and Snow White
collectibles on people. He forges their signatures on a counter top
and decorates the heart joining their names shield like with Ben Ali
Gator and Hyacinth Hippo (dancers from Fantasia) and a beribboned
sailor cap for a crest (I'm pretty sure that's Donald Duck's hat).</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">He
identifies Hook with pirates like Blackbeard and Barbarosa and Bligh,
the Big Bad Wolf as “the wolf of old europe, the wolf that tore the
sentries to bits in front of the winter palace at St. Petersburg. The
wolf that was killed by the invention of firearms like the great god
Pan by the coming of Christ. The wolf people now say never existed,
and forget all the stories. You are Baron Isengrim.” (He is
referring here to the serf's rebellion and roaming wolves after the
death of Peter the Great in 1725 – social upheaval and collapse,
the failure of civilization to predation).</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in"><br>
</p>
<div style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The
Wicked Queen becomes powerful and cruel women in power like Lucrezia
Borgia and Catherine De Medici and even Morgan le Fay, while our thin
scavenger selling forged goods puts on his cap and tries to assume
the role of Mickey Mouse.</font></font></div><div style="margin-bottom:0in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font><br></div>
<div><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">IS THERE A FINGER CHOMP?</font></font>
</div><div><br></div><div>
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">The motions of hands throughout are interesting, including the chubby child's </font></font><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">hand reaching through the diamond meshed fence, the chubby beringed hand of the woman June reaching for the Snow White replica, and Michael's own: “All his gestures were interrupted by the desertions of his left hand, which made quick trips to draw the torn cloth [leaving his knee exposed] together again.”</font></font>
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">I have always thought that Moss acts to bite off the finger of the villainous toon/executive, who has both real and mythic identities, thus making the glove both white and red with blood, and accounting for the different number of fingers, though the casual nature that it strokes his face does not seem to support this reading:</font></font>
</div><div><br></div><div>
“<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">He tried to swallow it before she could get in another, and found that it had become a red jelly bean too, and went down easily.</font></font>
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">'What is it?' said the man who had been Captain Hook.</font></font>
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">'Synthetic para-reserpine,' said the woman. 'I've had good luck with it on him.' She touched Michael's face with a white/red rubber-gloved hand that had four/three fingers.” </font></font></div>
<div><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3"></font></font><br></div><div>
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">Of course, we also have the odd fact that Mickey Mouse and his crew only seem to have three fingers and one thumb, and this might simply show the transition from his interesting fantasy world of three fingered Disney to banal reality … but note that the RED rubber glove has three fingers, and not, as is typical in Disney, the white one. For this reason, I think the final moment constitutes a pretty severe chomp, and that one way or another Michael Moss doesn't live in reality, though his version of things might be more interesting. Indeed, his violence might be able to make at least one feature of the real world conform to the three fingered schematics of his fantasy.</font></font>
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">If he is in a hospital all along, then these paunchy businessmen assume one more identity: the nurses and caregivers “tormenting” him after his walk.</font></font>
</div><div><br></div><div>
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">RESONANCE WITH OTHER WORKS:</font></font>
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="3">I feel that what Wolfe is doing thematically here, taking pop culture, and identifying its mythic roots while at the same time making it all too ordinary, is exactly the kind of thing that happened in “Thag”, where Henry Nailer, an ordinary father, is somehow translated into a mythic fairy story and an ordinary man “becomes” Odin. Here, in the imagination of a young boy, these corporate types become figures of legendary villainy behind defanged children's masks.</font></font></div>
</div>