<div>It is proving difficult to condense my ideas here. I just wrote 85 pages on this subject, and duplicating the rhetorical effect is impossible.</div><div><br></div><div>From: Lee Berman <<a href="mailto:severiansola@hotmail.com">severiansola@hotmail.com</a>></div>
<div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.8ex; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; padding-left: 1ex; ">
Careful. If it really was "obvious", wouldn't everyone see it? But if is clear to you, I do think that's interesting and worth reporting.</blockquote><div><br></div><div>I only meant that it is obvious once you know that "Dennis" means "Dionysus." And naturally you have to know the myths associated with Dionysus. He is associated with trees, particularly the fig tree (think YHWH and Silk in Long Sun), and rebirth. Weer is basically a vintner. Dionysus is also the god who gave Midas his touch, though it wasn't one of stone.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Robert Graves translates "Dionysus" as "lame god." This is not a conventional translation, but it does explain why Weer, Silk, and Severian all limp. I am sure Wolfe has read Graves. (Dionysus is also the god of drama, the theater, and for this reason Severian becomes caught up in plays.) Vi's wedding contains all the elements that are instrumental in the Phanes myth, and he did hatch from an egg.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Read Borski's essay on Peace: <a href="http://www.siriusfiction.com/PaxBorskii.html">http://www.siriusfiction.com/PaxBorskii.html</a></div><div><br></div><div>It has some of this information and more insights, though I believe his thesis is far off the mark. Weer as the Devil would certainly be clever, but would it mean anything? No, it's just a smokescreen. He also misses Weer's greatest sin, but that's another essay. Dionysus is associated with the devil because he is horned, a nature deity, and the Catholic church conducted a smear campaign on nature deities. Dionysian cults were also considered subversive, which is ironic given Christian history. Also, the dragon/serpent is not evil but a divine figure in the East. It was divine in the West as well, until we began to consider wisdom folly.</div>
<div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.8ex; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; padding-left: 1ex; ">
Some, as sergei, recently expressed, prefer to read WOlfe from a humanistic/psychological level. As I've argued in the past, I think Wolfe deliberately interweaves other levels into his stories, like the Secret House within House Absolute. These levels include the religious/mythological, the political with a hefty dose of autobiography.</blockquote>
<div><br></div><div>There is no text but the text we create as readers. Our methods of interpretation are influenced by our environment. It is not possible to know the text the way the author knows it, and yet we try.</div>
<div><br></div><div>I believe that, at his foundation, Wolfe is a genre writer. This is not meant as a slight. What I mean is that Wolfe builds a world. This is the ground he lays for the story he wants to tell. His stories reflect his interests. He wouldn't be much of a writer if there were nothing more to him. Still, he does repeat himself. Look at the repetition of blue and green in his stories. Always these two colors: blue and green. Also the wolves, and if I may, Dionysus. I think it is misleading to think of his work as possessing levels. It's all there at once. It may appear as levels because we only glimpse a bit at a time. The "it" is the story.</div>
<div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.8ex; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; padding-left: 1ex; ">
On the autobiographical side I'd like to note that there might be agreement that Weer, Severian and Silkhorn are among the most autobiographical characters in the Wolfe retinue (with #5 also joining in). Your thesis seems to suggest a Dionysial connection to those three characters.</blockquote>
<div><br></div><div>More than those three characters. </div><div><br></div><div>Certainly Weer is autobiographical. He is such in the sense that he is a kind of alternate reality version of Wolfe. He is Wolfe asking "what if?" What if he hadn't married Rosemary? What if he had stayed at home? What if he had worked as an engineer the rest of his life and never wrote? What if he hadn't read as much literature? Wolfe loves "what if?" scenarios.</div>
<div><br></div><div>As for the others, I suggest that they are characters dear to Wolfe and have much of him in them. He draws on his life for details, but I wouldn't call their stories autobiographical.</div><div><br>
</div><div>The Dionysus/Phanes connection goes beyond those characters. As I said, he is associated with the protagonist of Sorcerer's House. Also, if you read the short story "Empires of Foliage and Flower" set in the Briah universe, you'll notice the story bears resemblance to the mythology of Phanes/Dionysus. Take Prince Patizithes -- Patizithes means "Lord of Wine (literally zythos, an alcoholic drink)." The child, Barrus, this is a mispelling of Bacchus. I believe the unnamed girl in that story is Rosemary. Rosemary means Aphrodite, and in one myth Dionysus mates with her. She gives him a son, another wine god who is said by some to be Dionysus himself. Then there's Father Thyme, who is Khronos, father of Phanes. Dionysus is the "resurrecting god" the eternal force of creation. He appears in many guises.</div>
<div><br></div><div>I suggest that in Wolfe's readings of mysticism and mythology (and history in general) he came upon Dionysus and found him many times over, as I have. Plutarch thought the Jews worshipped the wine god (from the Sabbath, Sabazois being an analog deity). His worship also presaged the practices of the Christians -- drinking wine that is blood and taking the god into yourself. Dionysus/Phanes is also identified with the Logos, and so is Christ. This provided the foundation for Wolfe's "what if?" What if Christ were never born? Well, Phanes/Dionysus was associated with Mithras. Both the Mithraic and Orphic cults were active around the time of Christianity. Scholars speculate that any of these might have won out and grown. So, if Christianity didn't exist, the Orphic cult would have taken over. God, after all, isn't really Phanes. That is just a name. If he is truly omnipotent, he would be fundamentally the same in each universe. What man calls him is incidental.</div>
<div><br></div><div>You're already aware of Wolfe's preoccupation with wolves. Most leave it as being a simple obsession with his own name, inserting himself into the story, a metafictional trick. The real reason is more complex. Wolfe is interested in the wild/civilized dichotomy. Dionysus exemplifies this. He is known as "Liber" and he frees us from the constraints of civilization. Like Shiva, he is "Nysa," god of creation, destruction, and religious ecstacy. All these we can equate with the Christian god.</div>
<div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.8ex; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; padding-left: 1ex; ">
David Stockhoff and I have discussed the general principle of "story as universe; author as god/creator"and the possibility that Wolfe applies that principle in the Sun Series with an adjustment to "author as demiurge". I'm wondering if the gnostic recognition of the Dionysus/Pan figure as demiurge and WOlfe's auctorial self-identification could be of use to your thesis.</blockquote>
<div><br></div><div>I've spent a great deal of time studying gnosticism, both regarding Wolfe and for my own interests. Wolfe isn't Phillip K. Dick, though. It's not that simple. Wolfe, and when I say "Wolfe" I always mean the figure in my imagination and not the man himself, is distrustful of authority. To be more precise, he views the simple, primeval human existence as superior, the Edenic existence. In this stage of human development, we answer only to nature, to the Creator. Man, in his hubris, attempts to "swallow" God. He attempts to become Him, setting himself up over others, creating rules and laws that are not God's. The demiurge is a human force. God cannot be destroyed, though. Kill him, and he will be reborn. Attempt to become God, and he will burn out everything that is not him.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Now what does this have to do with Briah? Plutarch also identifies the Jewish god with Typhon, who in one myth kills Dionysus (the god of outsiders, by the way), much the same way Zeus kills Phanes to become top dog. The Hypsistarians also worshipped the Jewish god under the name Typhon. He is, after all, the "God of winds." There has been speculation on why Typhon, Wolfe's character, is named so, leading some to believe he is a cacogen because he has the name of a monster. It's also the name of a god, the (Christian) God, in fact. Typhon is just a man. He is a Nebuchadnezzar. He wants to be God.</div>
<div><br></div><div>El was originally a sky god, like Zeus, until a small sect of desert nomads began to assign to him the attributes of all gods. He was god of both creation and destruction, which explains a lot about the Old Testament. Did it ever strike you as interesting that, in the Wizard Knight, Heaven and Hell, Elysion and Niflheim, God and Satan, are connected? That is the story of how a world in which the Norse pantheon becomes dominant would work.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Peter Wright sees The Book of the Long Sun and other stories as Wolfe's attempts to explain The Book of the New Sun. I suggest that it appears this way becaue Wolfe is preoccupied with a different story. This is only the tip of the iceberg as regards the symbolism and associations with Dionysus/Phanes. I haven't even gotten to Terminus Est, the Claw of the Conciliator, and the azoth. I can't know if Wolfe intended all these allusions. Coincidence can only explain so much, though. I'm certainly a minority in my interpretations. I don't know of anyone else who reads Pandora the way I do, except maybe one poster on this list.</div>
<div><br></div><div>--Nick</div><div><br></div>